Everything about Black Hole Thermodynamics totally explained
In
physics,
black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the
laws of thermodynamics with the existence of
black hole event horizons. Much as the study of the statistical mechanics of
black body radiation led to the advent of the theory of
quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the understanding of
quantum gravity, leading to the formulation of the
holographic principle.
Black hole entropy
Black hole entropy is the
entropy carried by a
black hole.
If black holes carried no entropy, it would be possible to violate the
second law of thermodynamics by throwing mass into the black hole. The only way to satisfy the second law is to admit that the black holes have entropy whose increase more than compensates for the decrease of the entropy carried by the object that was swallowed.
Starting from theorems proved by
Stephen Hawking,
Jacob Bekenstein conjectured that the black hole entropy was proportional to the area of its
event horizon divided by the Planck area. Later, Stephen Hawking showed that black holes emit thermal
Hawking radiation corresponding to a certain temperature (Hawking temperature). Using the
thermodynamic relationship between energy, temperature and entropy, Hawking was able to confirm Bekenstein's conjecture and fix the constant of proportionality at 1/4:
» .
Beyond black holes
Hawking and Page showed that black hole thermodynamics is more general than black holes, that cosmological event horizons also have an entropy and temperature.
More fundamentally, t'Hooft and Susskind used the laws of black hole thermodynamics to argue for a general
Holographic Principle of nature, which asserts that consistent theories of gravity and quantum mechanics must be lower dimensional. Though not yet fully understood in general, the holographic principle has led to the only complete theories of quantum gravity, such as the
AdS/CFT correspondence.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Black Hole Thermodynamics'.
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